| 【时 效 性】 | 废止 | 【颁布日期】 | 1983-09-20 |
| 【颁布单位】 | 国务院 | 【实施日期】 | |
| 【法规层次】 | 国务院文件 | 【文 号】 | 国发〔1983〕148号 |
| 【首选类别】 | 企业 | 【次选类别】 | |
| 【其它类别】 | 【其它类别】 | ||
| 【关 键 字】 | 中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法 | ||
第一条 为了便于《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》（以下简称《中外合资经营企业法》）的顺利实施，特制定本条例。
第二条 依照《中外合资经营企业法》批准在中国境内设立的中外合资经营企业（以下简称合营企业）是中国的法人，受中国法律的管辖和保护。
第三条 在中国境内设立的合营企业，应能促进中国经济的发展和科学技术水平的提高，有利社会主义现代化建设。允许设立合营企业的主要行业是； （一） 能源开发，建筑材料工业，化学工业，冶金工业； （二） 机械制造工业，仪器仪表工业，海上石油开采设备的制造业； （三） 电子工业，计算机工业，通讯设备的制造业； （四） 轻工业，纺织工业，食品工业，医药和医疗器械工业，包装工业。 （五） 农业、牧业、养殖业； （六） 旅游和服务业。
第四条 申请设立的合营企业应注重经济效益；符合下列一项或数项要求； （一） 采用先进技术设备和科学管理方法，能增加产品品种，提高产品质量和产量，节约能源和材料；（二） 有利于企业技术改造，能做到投资少，见效快、收益大； （三） 能扩大产品出口，增加外汇收入； （四） 能培训技术人员和经营管理人员。
第五条 申请设立合营企业有下列情况之一的，不予批准：（一） 有损中国主权的； （二） 违反中国法律的； （三） 不符合中国国民经济发展要求的； （四） 造成环境污染的； （五） 签订的协议、合同、章程显属不公平，损害合营一方权益的。
第六条 除另有规定外，中国合营者的政府主管部门就是合营企业的主管部门（以下简称企业主管部门）。如合营企业有两个或两个以上的中国合营者并隶属于不同的部门或地区时，应由有关部门和地区协商确定一个企业主管部门。 企业主管部门对合营企业负指导、帮助和监督的责任。
第七条 在中国法律、法规和合营企业协议、合同、章程规定的范围内，合营企业有权自主地进行经营管理。各有关部门应给予支持和帮助。
第八条 在中国境内设立合营企业，必须经中华人民共和国对外经济贸易部（以下简称对外经济贸易部）审查批准。批准后，由对外经济贸易部发给批准证书。 凡具备下列条件的，对外经济贸易部得委托有关的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府或国务院有关部、局（以下简称受托机构）审批： （一） 投资总额在国务院规定的金额内，中国合营者的资金来源已落实的； （二） 不需要国家增拨原材料，不影响燃料、动力、交通运输、外贸出口配额等全国平衡的。受托机构批准设立合营企业后，应报对外经济贸易部备案，并由对外经济贸易部发给批准证书。（对外经济贸易部和受托机构，以下统称为审批机构。）
第九条 设立合营企业按下列程序办理： （一）由中国合营者向企业主管部门呈报拟与外国合营者设立合营企业的项目建议书和初步可行性研究报告。该建议书与初步可行性研究报告，经企业主管部门审查同意并转报审批机构批准后，合营各方才能进行以可行性研究中心的各项工作，在此基础上商签合营企业协议、合同、章程。 （二） 申请设立合营企业，由中国合营者负责者向审批机构报送下列正式文件： （1） 设立合营企业的申请书； （2） 合营各方共同编制的可行性研究报告； （3） 由合营各方授权代表签署的合营企业协议、合同和章程； （4） 由合营各方委派的合营企业董事长、副董事长、董事长选名单； （5） 中国合营者的企业主管部门和合营企业所在地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对设立该合营企业签署的意见。 上列各项文件必须用中文书写，其中（2）、（3）、（4）项文件可同时用合营各方商定的一种外文书写。两种文字写的文件具有同等效力。
第十条 审批机构自接到本条例第九条第（二）项规定的全部文件之日起，三个月内决定批准或不批准。审批机构如发现前述文件有不当之处。应要求限期修改，否则不予批准。
第十一条 申请在应在收到批准证书后一个月内，按《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业登记管理办法》的规定，凭批准证书向合营企业所在地的省、自治区、直辖市工商行政管理局（以下简称登记管理机构）办理登记手续。合营企业的营业执照签发日期，即为该合营企业的成立日期。
第十二条 外国投资者有意在中国设立合营企业，但无中国方面具体合作对象的，可提出合营项目的初步方案，委托中国国际信托投资公司或有关省、自治区、直辖市的信托投资机构和有关政府部门、民间组织介绍合作对象。
第十三条 本章所述的合营企业协议，是指合营各方对设立合营企业的某些要点和原则达成一致意见而订立的文件。 合营企业合同，是指合营企业各方为设立合营企业就相互权利、义务关系达成一致意见而订立的文件。合营企业章程，是按照合营企业合同规定的原则，经合营各方一致同意，规定合营企业的宗旨，组织原则和经营管理方法等事项的文件。 合营企业协议与合营企业合同有抵触时，以合营企业合同为准。 经合营各方同意可以不订立合营企业协议而只订立合营企业合同、章程。
第十四条 合营企业合同应包括下列主要内容： （一） 合营各方的名称、注册国家、法定地址和法定代表的姓名、职务、国籍； （二） 合营企业名称、法定地址、宗旨、经营范围和规模； （三） 合营企业的投资总额，注册资本，合营各方的出资额、出资比例、出资方式、出资的缴付期限以及出资额欠缴、转让的规定； （四） 合营各方利润分配和亏损分担的比例； （五） 合营企业董事会的组成、董事名额的分配以及总经理、副总经理及其他高级管理人员的职责、权限和聘用办法； （六） 采用的主要生产设备、生产技术及其来源； （七） 原材料购买和产品销售方式、产品在中国境内和境餐销售的比例； （八） 外汇资金收支的安排； （九） 财务、会计、审计的处理原则； （十） 有关劳动管理、工资、福利、劳动保险等事项的约定； （十一）合营企业期限、解散及清算程序； （十二）违反合同的责任； （十三）解决合营各方之间争议的方针和程序； （十四）合同文本采用的文字和合同生效的条件。 合营企业合同的附件，与合营企业合同具有同等效力。
第十五条 合营企业合同的订立、效力、解释、执行及其议的解决，均应适用中国的法律。
第十六条 合营企业章程应包括下列主要内容： （一） 合营企业名称及法定地址； （二） 合营企业的宗旨，经营范围和合营期限； （三） 合营各方的名称、注册国家、法定地址、法定代表的姓名、职务、国籍； （四） 合营企业的投资总额，注册资本，合营各方的出资额，出资比例、出资额转让的规定，利润分配和亏损分担的比例； （五） 董事会的组成、职权和议事规则、董事的任期、董事长、副董事长的职责； （六） 管理机构的设备、办事规则，总经理、副总经理及其他高级管理人员的职责和任免方法；（七） 财务、会计、审计制度的原则； （八） 解散和清算；
第十七条 合营企业协议、合同和章程经审批机构批准后生效，其修改时同。
第十八条 审批机构和登记管理机构对合营企业合同、章程的执行负有监督检查的责任。
第十九条 合营企业为有限责任公司。 合营各方对合营企业的责任以各自认缴的出资额为限。
第二十条 合营企业的投资总额（含企业借款），是指按照合营合同、章程规定的生产规模需要投入的基本建设资金和生产流动资金的总和。
第二十一条 合营企业的注册资本，是指为设立合营企业在登记管理机构登记的资本总额，应为合营各方认缴的出资额之和。 合营企业的注册资本一般应以人民币表示，也可以用合营各方约定的外币表示。
第二十三条 合营一方如向第三者转让其全部或部分出资额，须经合营他方同意，并经审批机构批准。 合营一方转让其全部或部分出资额时，合营他方有优先购买权。 合营一方向第三者转让出资额的条件，不得比向合营他方转让的条件优惠。 违反上述规定的，其转让无效。
第二十四条 合营企业注册资本的增加、转让或以其他方式处置，应由董事会议通过，并报原审批机构批准，向原登记管理机构办理变更登记手续。
第二十五条合营者可以用货币出资，也可以用建筑物、厂房、机器设备或其他物料、工业产权、专有技术、场地使用权等作价出资。以建筑物、厂房、机器设备或其他材料、工业产权、专有技术作为出资的，其作价由合营各方按照公平合理的原则协商确定，呀聘请合营各方同意的第三者评定。
第二十六条 外国合营者出资的外币，按缴款当日中华人民共和国国家外汇管理局（以下简称国家外汇管理局）公布的外汇牌价折算成人民币或套算成约定的外币。 中国合营者出资的人民币现金，如需折合外币，按缴款当日国家外汇管理局公布的外汇牌价折算。
第二十七条 作为外国合营者出资的机器设备或其他物料，必须符合下列各项条件： （一） 为合营企业生产所必不可少的； （二） 中国不能生产，或虽能生产，但价格过高或技术性能和供应时间上不能保证需要的； （三） 作价不得高于同类机器设备或其他物料当时的国际市场价格。
第二十八条 作为外国合营者出资的工业产权或专有技术，必须符合下列条件之一： （一） 能生产中国急需的新产品或出口适销产品的； （二） 能显著改进现有产品的性能、质量，提高生产效率的； （三） 能显著节约原材料、燃料、动力的。
第二十九条 外国合营者以工业产权或专有技术作为出资，应提交该工业产权或专有技术的有关资料，包括专利证书或商标注册证书的复制件，作为合营合同实用价值、作价的计算根据、与中国合营者签订的作价协议等有关文件，作为合营合同的附件。
第三十条 外国合营者作为出资的机器设备或其他物料、工业产权或专有技术，应经中国合营者的企业主管部门审查同意，报审批机构批准。
第三十一条 合营各方应按合同规定的期限缴清各自的出资额。逾期未缴或未缴清的，应按合同规定支付尺延利息或赔偿损失。
第三十二条 合营各方缴付出资额后，应由中国注册的会计师验证，出具验资报告后，由合营企业据以发给出资证明书。出资证明书载明下列事项；合营企业名称；合营企业成立的年、月、日；合营者名称（或姓名）及其出资额、出资的年、月、日；发给出资证明书的年、月、日。
第三十三条 董事会是合营企业的最高权力机构，决定合营企业的一切重大问题。
第三十四条 董事会成员不得少于于三人，董事名额的分配由合营各方参照出资比例协商确定。 董事由合营各方委派。董事长由中国合营者委派，副董事长由外国合营者委派。 董事的任期为四年，经合营各方面继续委派可以连任。
第三十五条 董事会会议每年至少召开一次，由董事长负责召集并主持。董事长不能召集时，由董事长委托副董事长或其他董事负责召集并主持董事会会议。经三分之一以上董事提议，可由董事长召开董事会临时会议。 董事会会议应有三分之二以上董事出席方能举行。董事不能出席，可出具委托书委托他人代表其出席和表决。董事会会议一般应在合营企业法定地趣所在地举行。
第三十六条 下列事项由出席董事会会议的董事一致通过方可作出决议：（一） 合营企业章程的修改； （二） 合营企业的中止、解散； （三） 合营企业注册资本的增加、转让； （四） 合营企业与其他经济组织的合并。 其他事项，可以根据合营企业间程载明的议事规则作出决议。
第三十七条 董事长是企业的法定代表。董事长不能履行职责时，应授权副董事长或其他董事代表合营企业。
第三十八条 合营企业设经营管理机构，负责企业的日常经营管理工作。经营管理机构设总经理一人，副总经理若干人。副总经理协助总经理工作。
第三十九条 总经理执行董事会会议的各项决议，组织领导合营企业的日常经营管理工作。在董事会授权范围内，总经理对外代表合营企业，对内任免下属人员，行使董事会授予的其他职权。
第四十条 总经理、副总经理由合营企业董事会聘请，可以由中国公民担任，也可以由外国公民担任。 经董事会聘请，董事长、副董事长、董事可以兼任合营企业的总经理，副总经理或其他高级管理管理职务。总经理处理重要问题时，应同副总经理协商。 总经理或副总经理不得兼任其他经济组织的总经理或副总经理，不得参与其他经济组织对本企业的商业竞争。
第四十一条 总经理、副总经理及其他高级管理人员有营私舞弊或严重失职行为的，经董事会决议可以随时解聘。
第四十二条 合营企业需要在国外和港澳地区设立分支机构（含销售机构）时，应报对外经济贸易部批准。
第四十三条 本章所说的引进技术，是指合营企业通过技术转让的方式，从第三者或合营者获得所需要的技术。
第四十四条 合营企业引进的技术应是适用的、先进的，使其产品在国内具有显著的社会经济效益或在国际市场上具有竞争能力。
第四十五条 在订立技术转让协议时，必须维护合营企业独立进行经营管理的权利，并参照条例第二十九条的规定，要求技术输出方提供有关的资料。
第四十六条 合营企业订立的技术转让协议，应经企业主管部门审查同意，并报审批机构批准。 技术转让协议必须符合以下规定： （一） 技术合作费应公平合理。一般应采取提成方式支付。采取提成方式支付技术使用费时，提成率不得高于国际上通常的水平。提成率应按由该技术所生产产品的净销售额或双方协议的其他合理方式计算。 （二） 附双方另有协议外，技术输出方不得限制技术输入方出口其产品的地区、数量和价格。（三） 技术转让协议的期限一般不超过十年。 （四） 技术转让协议期满后，技术输入方有权继续使用该项技术。 （五） 订阅技术转让协议双方，相互交换改进技术的条件应对等。 （六） 技术输入方有权按自己认为合适的来源购买需要的机器设备、零部件和原材料。 （七） 不得含有中国的法律、法规所禁止的不合理的限制性条款。
第四十七条合营企业使用场地，必须贯彻执行节约用地的原则。所需场地，应由合营企业向所在地的市（县）级土地主管部门提出申请，经审查批准后，通过签订合同取得场地使用权，合同应订明场地面积、地点、用途、合同期限、场地使用权的费用（以下简称场地使用费）、双方的权利与义务、违反合同的罚则等。
第四十八条 合营企业所需场地的使用权，如已为中国合营者拥有，则中国合营者可将其作为合营企业的出资，其作价金额应与取得同类场地使用权所应缴纳的使用费相同。
第四十九条 场地使用费标准应根据该场地的用途、地理环境条件、证地拆迁安置费用和合营企业对基础设施的要求等因素，由所在地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定，并向对外经济贸易部和国家土地主管部门备案。
第五十条 从事农业、畜牧业的合营企业，经所在地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府同意，可按合营企业营业收入的百分比向所在地的土地主管部门缴纳场地使用费。 在经济不发达地区从事开发性的项目，场地使用费经所在地人民政府同意，可以给予特别优惠。
第五十一条 场地使用费在开始用地的五年内不调整。以后随着经济的发展、供需情况的变化和地理环境条件的变化需要调整时，调整的间隔期应不少于三年。 场地使用费作为中国合营者投资的，在该合同期限内不得调整。
第五十二条 合营企业按本条例第四十七条取得的场地使用权，其场地使用费应按合同规定的用地时间人开始时起按年缴纳，第一日历年用地时间超过半年的按半年计算，不足半年的免缴。在合同期内，场地使用费如有调整，应自调整的年度起按新的费用标准缴纳。
第五十三条 合营企业对于准予使用的场地，只有使用权，没有所有权，其使用权不得转让。
第五十四条 合营企业的基本建设计划（包括施工力量、各种建筑材料、水、电、气等），应根据批准的可行性研究报告编制，并纳入企业主管部门的基本建设计划，企业主管部门应优先予以安排和保证实施。
第五十五条 合营企业的基本建设资金，由合营企业的开户银行统一管理。
第五十六条 合营企业按照合营合同规定的经营范围和生产规模所制订的生产经营计划，由董事会批准执行，报企业主管部门备案。 企业主管部门和各级计划管理部门，不对合营企业下达指令性生产经营计划。
第五十七条 合营企业所需的机器设备、原材料、燃料、配套件、运输工具和办公用品等（以下简称物资），有权自行决定在中国购买向国外购买，但在同等条件下，应尽先在中国购买。
第五十八条 合营企业在中国购买的物资，其供应渠道如下：（一） 属于计划分配的物资，纳入企业主管部门供应计划，由物资、商业部门或生产企业按合同保证供应；（二） 属于物资、商业部门经营的物资，向有关的物资经营单位购买； （三） 属于市场自由流通的物资，向生产企业或其经销、代销机构购买； （四） 属于外贸公司经营的出口物资，向有关的外贸公司购买。
第五十九条 合营企业需要在中国购置的办公、生活用品、按需要量购买，不受限制。
第六十一条 合营企业生产的产品，属于中国急需的或中国需要进口的，可以在中国国内市场销售为主。
第六十二条 合营企业有权自行出口其产品，也可以委托外国合营者的销售机构或中国的外贸公司代销或经销。
第六十三条合营企业在合营合同规定的经营范围，进口本企业生产所需的机器设备、零配件、原材料、燃料，凡属国家规定需要领取进口许可证的，每年编制一次计划，每半年申领一次，外国合营者作为出资的机器设备或其他物料，可凭审批机构的批准文件直接办理进口许可证进口。超出合营合同规定范围进口的物资，凡国家规定需要领取进口许可证的，应另行申领。 合营企业生产的产品，可自主经营出口，凡属国家规定需要领取出口许可证的，合营企业按本企业的年度出口计划，每半年申领一次。
第六十四条 合营企业在中国销售产品，按下列办法办理：（一） 属于计划分配的物资，通过企业主管部门列入物资管理部门的分配计划，按计划销售给指定的用户。（二） 属于物资、商业部门经营的物资，由物资、商业部门向合营企业订购。 （三） 上述两类物资的计划收购外的部分，以及不属于上述两类的物资，合营企业有权自行销售或委托有在单位代销。 （四） 合营企业出口的产品，如属中国的外贸公司所要进口的物资，合营企业可向中国的外贸公司销售，收取外汇。
第六十五条 合营企业在国内购买物资和所需服务，其价格按下列规定执行： （一） 用于直接生产出口产品的金、银、铂、石油、煤炭、木材六种原料，按照国家外汇管理局或外贸部门提供的国际市场价格计价，以外币或人民币支付。 （二） 购买中国的外贸公司经营的出口商品或进口商品，由供需双方参照国际市场价格协商定价，以外币支付。 （三） 购买用于生产在中国国内销售产品所需的燃料用煤、车辆用油和除本条（一）、（二）项所列外的其他物资的价格，以及为合营企业提供水、电、气、热、货物运输、劳务、工程设计、咨询服务、广告等收取的费用，应与国营企业同等待遇，以人民币支付。
第六十六条 合营企业在中国国内销售的产品，除经物价管理部门批准可以参照国际市场价格定价的以外，应执行国家规定价格，实行按质论价，收取人民币。合营企业制订的产品销售价格，应报企业主管部门和物价管理部门备案。 合营企业的出口产品价格，由合营企业自行制定，报企业主管部门和物价管理部门备案。
第六十七条 合营企业与中国其他经济组织之间的经济往来，按照有关的法律规定和双方订立的合同承担经济责任，解决合同争议。
第六十八条 合营企业必须按照有关规定，填报生产、供应、销售的统计表，报企业主管部门、统计部门和其他有关部门备案。
第六十九条 合营企业应按照中华人民共和国有关法律的规定，缴纳各种税款。
第七十条 合营企业的职工应根据《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》缴纳个人所得税。
第七十一条 合营企业进口下列物资免征关税和工商统一税：（一） 按照合同规定作为外国合营者出资的机器设备、零部件和其他物料（其他物料系指合营企业建厂（场）以及安装、加固机器所需材料，下同）； （二） 合营企业以投资总额内的资金进口的机器设备、零部件和其他物料； （三） 经审批机构批准，合营企业以啬资本所进口的国内不能保证生产供应机器设备、零部件和其他物料；（四） 合营企业为生产出口产品，从国外进口的原材料、辅料、元器件、零部件和包装物料。上述免税进口物资，经批准在中国国内转卖或转用于在中国国内销售的产品，应照章纳税或补税。
第七十二条 合营企业生产的出口产品，除国家限制出口的以外，经中华人民共和国财政部批准，可免征工商统一税。 合营企业生产的内销产品，在开办初期纳税有困难的，可以申请在一定期限内减征或免征工商统一税。
第七十三条 合营企业的一切外汇事宜，按《中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例》的有关管理办法的规定办理。
第七十四条 合营企业凭中华人民共和国国家工商行政管理局发给的营业执照，在中国银行或指定的其他银行开立外币存款账户和人民币存款账户，由开户银行监督收付。 合营企业的一切外汇收入，都必须存入其开户银行的外汇存款账户；一切外汇支出，从其外汇存款账户中支付。存款利率按中国银行公布的利率执行。
第七十五条合营企业的外汇收支一般应保持平衡。根据批准的合营企业的可行性研究报告、合同，产品以内销为主而外汇不能平衡的，由有关省、自治区、直辖市人民政府或国务院主管部门在留成外汇中调剂解决，不能解决的，由对外经济贸易部会同中华人民共和国国家计划委员会审批后纳入计划解决。
第七十六条 合营企业在国外或港澳地区的银行开立外汇存款账户，应经国家外汇管理局或其分局批准，并向国家外汇管理局或其分局报告收付情况和提供银行对账单。
第七十七条 合营企业在国外或港澳地区设立的分支机构，凡当地有中国银行的，应在中国银行开立账户。其年度资产负债表和年度利润表，应通过合营企业报送国家外汇管理局或其分局。
第七十八条合营企业根据经营业务的需要，可以按《中国银行办理中外合资经营企业贷款暂行办法》向中国银行申请外汇贷款和人民币贷款。对合营企业的贷款利率按中国银行公布的利率执行。合营企业也可以从国外或港澳地区的银行借入外汇资金，但必须向国家外汇管理局或其分局备案，
第七十九条 合营企业的外籍职工和港澳职工的工资和其他正当收益，依法纳税后，减去在中国境内使用的花费，其剩余部分可以向中国银行申请全部汇出。
第八十条 合营企业的财务与会计制度，应根据中国有关法律和财务会计制度的规定，结合合营企业的情况加以制定，并报当地财政部门、税务机关备案。
第八十一条 合营企业设总会计师，协助总经理负责主持企业的财务会计工作。必要时，可设副总会计师。
第八十二条 合营企业设审计师（小的企业可不设），负责审查、稽核合营企业的财务收支和会计账目，向董事会、总经理提出报告。
第八十三条 合营企业会计年度采用日历年制，自公历每年1月1日起到12月31日止为一个会计年度。
第八十四条 合营企业会计要用国际通用的权责发生制和借贷记账法记账。一切自制凭证、账簿、报表必须用中文书写，也可以同时用合营各方商定的一种外文书写。
第八十五条 合营企业原则上采用人民币为记账本位币，经合营各方商定，也可以采用某一种外国货币为本位币。
第八十六条 合营企业的账目，除按记账本位币记录外，对于现金、银行存款、其他货币款项以及债权债务、收益和费用等，如与记账本位币不一致时，还应按实际收付的货币记账。 以外国货币记账的合营企业，除编制外币的会计报表外，还应另编折合为人民币的会计报表。 因汇率的差异而发生的汇兑损益，应以实现数为准，作为本年损益列账，记账汇率变动，有关外币各账户的账面余额，均不作调整。
第八十七条 合营企业按照《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业所得税法》缴纳所得税后的利润分配原则如下： （一） 提取储备基金、职工奖励及福利基金、企业发展基金，提取比例由董事会确定。 （二） 储备基金除用于垫补合营企业亏损外，经审批机构批准也可以用于本企业增加资本，扩大生产。（三） 按本条（一）项规定提取三项基金后的可分配利润，如董事会确定分配，应按照合营各方出资比例进行分配。
第八十八条 以前年度的亏损未弥补产膛得分配利润。以前年度未分配的利润，可并入本年度利润分配。
第八十九条 合营企业应向合营各方、当地税务机关、企业主管部门和同级财政部门报送季度和年度会计报表。 年度会计报表应抄报原审批机构。
第九十条 合营企业的下列文件、证件、报表，应经中国注册的会计师验证和出具证明，方可有效； （一） 合营各方的出资证明书（以物料、场地使用权、工业产权、专有技术作为出资的，应包括合营各方签字同意的财产估价清单及其协议文件）； （二） 合营企业的年度会计报表； （三） 合营企业的清算的会计报表。
第九十一条 合营企业职工的招收、招聘、辞退、刮职、工资、福利、劳动保险、劳动保护、劳动纪律等事宜，按照《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业劳动管理规定》办理。
第九十二条 合营企业应加强对职工的业务、技术培训，建立严格的考核制度，使他们在生产、管理技能方面能够适应现代化企业的要求。
第九十三条 合营企业的工资、奖励制度必须符合按劳分配、多劳多得的原则。
第九十四条 正副总经理、正副总工程师、正副总会计师、审计师等高级管理人员的工资待遇，由董事会决定。
第九十五条 合营企业职工有权按照《中华人民共和国工会法》（以下简称《中国工会法》）和《中国工会章程》的规定，建立基层工会组织，开展工会活动。
第九十六条 合营企业工会是职工利益的代表，有权代表职工同合营企业签订劳动合同，并监督合同的执行。
第九十七条 合营企业工会的基本任务是：依法维护职工的民主权利和物质利益；协助合营企业安排和合理使用福利、奖励基金；组织职工学习政治、业务、科学、技术和业务知识，开展文艺、体育活动；教育职工遵守劳动纪律，努力完成企业的各项经济任务。
第九十八条 合营企业董事会会议讨论合营企业的发展规划、生产经营活动等重大事项时，工会的代表有权列度会议，反映职工的意见和要求。 在董事会会议研究决定有关职工奖惩、工资制度、生活福利、劳动保护和保险等问题时，工会的代表有权列席会议，董事会应听取工会的意见，取得工会的合作。
第九十九条合营企业应积极支持本企业工会的工作。合营企业应按照《中国工会法》的规定为工会组织提供必要的房屋和设备，用于办公、会议、举办职工集体福利、文化、体育事业。合营企业每月按企业职工实际工资总额的2%拨交工会经费，由本企业工会按照中华全国总工会制定的有关工会经费管理办法作用。
第一百条 合营企业的合营期限，根据不同行业和项目的具体情况，由合营企业各方协商决定。一般项目的合营期限原则上为十年至三十年。投资大、建设周期长、资金利润率低的项目，合营期限也可以在三十年以上。
第一百零一条 合营企业的合营期限，由合营各方在合营企业协议、合同、章程中作出规定。合营期限从合营企业营业执照签发之日起算。 合营各方如同意延长合营期限，应在合营期满前六个月，向审批机构报选由合营各方授权代表签署的延长合营期限的申请书。审批机构应在接到申请书之日起一个月内予以批复。 合营企业经批准延长合营期限后，应按照《中华人民共和国中外合营经营企业登记管理办法》的规定，办理变更登记手续。
第一百零二条 合营企业在下列情况下解散： （一） 合营期限届满； （二） 企业发生严重亏损，无力继续经营； （三） 合营一方不履行合营企业协议、合同、章程规定的义务，致使企业无法继续经营； （四） 因自然灾害、战争等不可抗力遭受严重损失，无法继续经营； （五） 合营企业未达到其经营目的，同时又无发展前途； （六） 合营企业合同、章程所规定的其他解散原因已经出现。 本条（二）、（三）、（四）、（五）、（六）项情况发生，应由董事会提出解散申请书，报审批机构批准。在本条（三）项情况下，不履行合营企业协议、合同、章程规定的义务一方，应对合营企业由此造成的损失负赔偿责任。
第一百零三条 合营企业宣告解散时，董事会应提出清算的程序、原则和清算委员会人选、报企业主管部门审核并监督清算。
第一百零四条 清算委员会的成员一般应在合营企业的董事中选任。董事不能提任或不适合担任清算委员会成员时，合营企业可聘请在中国注册的会计师、律师担任。审批机构认为必要时，可以派人进行监督。 清算费用和清算委员会成员的酬劳应从合营企业现存财产中优先支付。
第一百零五条 清算委员会的任务是对合营企业的财产、债权、债务进行全面清查，编制资产负债表和财产目录，提出财产作价和计算依据，制定清算方案，提请董事会会议通过后执行。 清算期间，清算委员会代表该合营企业起诉和应诉。
第一百零六条 合营企业以其全部资产对其债务承担责任。合营企业清偿债务后的剩余财产按照合营各方的出资比例进行分配，但合营企业协议、合同、章程另有规定的除外。 合营企业解散时，其资产净额或剩余财产超过注册资本的增值部分视同利润，应依法缴纳所得税。外国合营者分得资产净额或剩余财产超过其出资额的部分，在汇往国内时，应依法缴纳所得税。
第一百零七条 合营企业的清算工作结束后，由清算委员会提出清算结束报告，提请董事会会议通过后，报告原审批机构，并向原登记管理机构办理注销登记手续，缴销营业执照。
第一百零八条 合营企业解散后，各项账册及文件应由原中国合营者保存。
第一百零九条 合营各方如在解释或履行合营企业协议、合同、章程时发生争议，应尽量通过友好协商或调解解决，如经过协商或调解无效，则提请仲裁或司法解决。
第一百一十条 合营各方根据有关仲裁的书面协议，提请仲裁。可以在中国国际贸易促进委员会对外经济贸易仲裁委员会仲裁，按该会的仲裁程序规则进行。如当事各方同意，也可以在被诉一方所在国或第三国的仲裁机构仲裁，按该机构的仲裁程序规则进行。
第一百一十一条 如合营各方之间没有仲裁的书面协议，发生争议的任何一方都可以依法向中国人民法院起诉。
第一百一十二条 在解决争议期间，除争议事项外，合营各方应继续履行合营企业协议、合同、章程所规定的其他各项条款。
第一百一十三条 合营企业的外籍职工和港澳职工（包括其家属），需要经常入、出中国国境的，中国主管签证机关可简化手续，予以方便。
第一百一十四条 合营企业的中国职工，因工作需要出国考察、洽谈业务、学习或接受培训，由企业主管部门负责申请并办理出国手续。
第一百一十五条 合营企业的外籍职工和港澳职工，可带进必需的交通工具和办公用品，按规定缴纳关税和工同统一税。
第一百一十六条 在经济特区设立的合营企业，如全国人民代表大会、全国人民代表大会常务委员会或国务院通过的法律、法规另有规定的，从其规定。
投资总额合营企业的投资总额，是指合营企业合同、章程规定的生产规模需要投入的基本建设资金和生产流动资金的总和。如合营各方的出资达不到投资总额，也可以合营企业的名义向银行贷款作为投资。因此合营企业的投资总额一般可以包括两个部分：合营各方出资的自有资金儿合营企业向银行的贷款。 注册资本 合营企业的注册资本，是指为设立合营企业在工商行政管理机关登记的资本总额，它应为合营各方认缴的出资额之和，合营各方可根据合营企业合同的规定，将认缴的出资额一次或分几次向合营企业投入。 认缴的出资额 认缴的出资额是指合营各方为设立合营企业同意投入资金的数额。合营各方对合营企业的贡献以各自认缴的出资额来衡量，对合营企业的责任也以各自认缴的出资额为限。 场地使用权合营企业的场地使用权是指合营企业根据其业务需要取得的所需用场地的使用权利。这种使用权可以由合营企业与当地政府的土地主管部门签订租用合同取得；也可以由中国合营者将其已拥有的场地使用权作价出资取得。合营企业不论通过哪种方式取得的场地使用权，只有使用权，没有所有权，其使用权不得转让。 出资证明书出资证明书是合营企业开具的一种证明合营各方出资数额的凭证。这种凭证在合营各方缴付各自认缴的出资额，经中国注册的会计师验证并出具验资报告后，发给合营各方。合营一方未经合营他方同意并经合营企业的审批机构批准，不得将出资证明书转让、抵押或用其他方式处置。 储备基金合营企业的储备基金是为了垫补合营企业可能发生的损亏以及应付意外事件而从企业利润中提取的一项专款，储备基金的提取比例由董事会决定（它提取达到一定比例后不再提用）。这项基金一般情况下，不得挪作他用。但经合营企业审批机构的批准，也可用于企业的增加资本，扩大生产。 职工奖励及福利基金 合营企业的职工奖励及福利基金是为了鼓励在生产中和工作中贡献较大的个人或集体，为了职工生活福利事业而从合营企业利润中提取的一项专门款项，它只能用于奖励贡献较大的职工或集体，兴办职工集体福利设施、职工医疗卫生和生活困难补助等支出。企业发展基金 合营企业的发展基金是为了发展合营企业生产而从合营企业利润中提取的一项专门款项。这项基金可以用于购买固定资产，增加流动资金，扩大企业的生产经营。也可用于新产品试制、科研和职工技术培训方面。 工业产权工业产权，即根据法律，对发明专利、实用新型、外观设计和商标所取得的所有权，并依法得到保护，但这种保护具有严格的地域性。工业产权是一种独占权，他人不得侵犯。如果他人使用，必须取得所有权人的同意，并付给一定数额的报酬。《中外合资经营企业法》规定了工业产权可以作为向合营企业的投资，《中外合资经营企业法实施条例》又对此规定了一些细则。 专有技术 专有技术又称技术诀窍或者技术秘密，是一种可以转让和传授的公众所不知道的，并且不取得专利权的技术知识。专有技术不像专利所有权那样具有有效期的限制，它是靠保密手段来进行垄断的。 权责发生制在企业会计核算中确定一个会计期间（如一月、一季、一年）的收益和费用的一种方法。即凡属于当期的收益和费用，不论其款项是否在当期内收到和付出，都应作为当期收益和费用处理。反之，凡不属于当期的收益和费用，即使其款项在当期内收到和付出，都不作为当期收益和费用处理。例如九月份的房租，即使在八月份或十月份支付，仍应作为九月份的费用入账。采用权责发生制能够准确计算企业在各个会计期间的收益、费用和盈亏。 借贷记账法在会计核算中，用“借”和“贷”两个字作为记账符号来记录企业资金占用（或资产、费用）和资金来源（或负债、资本、收益）增减变动的一种记账方法。“借”字表示资金占用的增加或资金来源的减少；“贷”字表示资金占用的减少或资金来源的增加。按照企业的资金占用金额与资金来源金额必然相等的原则，对于每项应该记账的经济活动，都应该按照“有借必有贷，借贷必相等”的记账规则记账，即按照相等的金额，同时记入一个（或几个）账户的借方和一个（或几个）账户的贷方。所有记入账户借方的金额合计数与所有记入账户贷方的余额会计数相等，所有账户的期末借方余额的合计数与所有账户的期末贷方余额的合计数相等。借方余额账户就是资金占用账户，贷方余额账户就是资金来源账户。 资产负债表亦称“平衡表”，在中外合资经营企业中，是总括反映企业的某一在（如月末、季末、年末）财务状况的一种会计报表。通常分左右两方，左方列资产项目（包括财产、物资、债权、权利等），右方列负债项目（包括各种短期和长期债务等）和投资者权益项目（包括资本和盈余等）。左方各个项目金额的合计数与右方各个项目金额的合计数相等。 记账本位币 本位币亦称本位货币，即国家法定的贷币，如人民币是我国的本位币，美国美元、英国英镑、法国法郎为各该国的本位币。在会计核算中采用的本位币称为记账本位币。 附：
关于《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法实施条例》第一百条的修订
国务院于1983年9月20日发布的《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法实施条例》第一百条规定：“合营企业的合营期限，根据不同行业和项目的具体情况，由合营各方协商决定。一般项目的合营期限原则上为十年至三十年。投资大、建设周期长、资金利润率低的项目，合营期限也可以在三十年以上，”现修改为： “合营企业的合营期限，根据不同行业和项目的情况，由合营各方协商决定，一般项目的合营期限为十年至三十年。投资大、建设周期长、资金利润率低的项目，由外国合营者提供先进技术或关键技术生产尖端产品的项目，或在国际上有竞争能力的产品的项目，其合营期限可以延长到五十年。经国务院特别批准的可在五十年以上。”
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局. 当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准. This English document is coming from theBrueau of Legislative Affairs of the State Council of the People's Republic of China. Incase of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
REGULATIONS FOR THEIMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON CHINESE-FOREIGNEQUITY JOINT VENTURES
(Promulgated by the StateCouncil on September 20, 1983)
Article 1 These Regulations are formulated with a view tofacilitating the smooth implementation of the Law of the People'sRepublic of China on Chinese- Foreign Equity Joint Ventures (hereinafterreferred to as the Law on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures). Article 2 Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures(hereinafter referred to as joint ventures) established within China's territoryin accordance with the Law on Chinese-foreign Equity Joint Ventures arelegal persons in China and are subject to the jurisdiction of Chinese lawsand enjoy protection thereof. Article 3 Joint ventures established within China'sterritory shall be able to promote the development of China's economy andthe raising of scientific and technological levels for the benefit ofsocialist modernization. Joint ventures permitted to be established are mainlyin the following industries: (1) energy development, the building material,chemical and metallurgical industries; (2) machine manufacturing, instrument and meterindustries and offshore oil exploitation equipment manufacturing; (3) electronics and computer industries, andcommunication equipment manufacturing; (4) light, textile, foodstuffs, medicine,medical apparatus and packaging industries; (5) agriculture, animal husbandry andaquiculture; (6) tourism and service trades. Article 4 Joint ventures to be applied for theirestablishment shall lay stress on economic results and shall comply with one orseveral of the following requirements: (1) they shall adopt advanced technicalequipment and scientific managerial methods which help increase thevariety, improve the quality and raise the output of products and save energyand materials; (2) they shall prove to be conducive to technical renovation of enterprises and be able to bring about quickerreturns and bigger profits with less investment; (3) they shall help expand exports and therebyincrease foreign currency receipts; (4) they shall help train technical andmanagerial personnel.
Article 5 Application for establishing joint venturesshall not be approved if they involve any of the following circumstances:(1) detriment to China's sovereignty; (2) violation of Chinese Law; (3) nonconformity with the requirements of thedevelopment of China's national economy; (4) environmental pollution; (5) obvious inequity in the agreements,contracts and articles of association signed, impairing the rights andinterests of one of the parties. Article 6 Unless otherwise stipulated, the governmentdepartment in charge of the Chinese joint venturer in a joint venture shallbe the department in charge of the joint venture (hereinafterreferred to as the department in charge). If a joint venture has two or moreChinese joint venturers which are under different departments or fromdifferent regions, the departments and regions concerned shall, throughconsultation, designate a department in charge. Departments in charge are responsible forproviding guidance and assistance and exercising supervision over thejoint ventures. Article 7 A joint venture has the right to independentlyconduct business operations and management within the scope as prescribed byChinese laws and regulations, and by the agreement, contract andarticles of association of the joint venture. The departments concernedshall provide support and assistance. Chapter II Establishment and Registration
Article 8 The establishment of a joint venture in China issubject to examination and approval by the Ministry of Foreign EconomicRelations and Trade of the People's Republic of China (hereinafterreferred to as the MOFERT). Upon approval, an Approval Certificate shall beissued by the MOFERT. The MOFERT may entrust the people's governmentsin the related provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directlyunder the Central Government or relevant ministries or bureausunder the State Council (hereinafter referred to as the entrustedoffice) with the power to examine and approve the establishment of jointventures that comply with the following conditions: (1) the total amount of investment is within thelimit set by the State Council and the source of capital of the Chineseventurers has been ascertained; (2) no additional allocation of raw materials bythe State is required and the national balance as to fuel, powertransportation and foreign trade export quotas is not affected. The entrustedoffice, after approving the establishment of a joint venture, shall reportthe same to the MOFERT for the record. An Approval Certificate shall beissued by the MOFERT. (The MOFERT and the entrusted office willhereinafter be generally referred to as the examining and approvingauthorities.) Article 9 The following procedures shall be followed inthe establishment of a joint venture: (1) it is the Chinese joint venturer in a jointventure that shall submit to its department in charge a project proposaland a preliminary feasibility study report of the joint venture tobe established with foreign joint venturer. The proposal and thepreliminary feasibility study report, upon examination and approval by thedepartment in charge, shall be submitted to the examining and approvingauthorities for final approval. The parties to the venture shall thenconduct work centering around the feasibility study, and then proceedon this basis, to negotiate and sign joint venture agreement, contract andarticles of association; (2) when applying for the establishment of ajoint venture, the Chinese joint venturer is responsible for the submissionof the following documents to the examining and approvingauthorities: (a) a written application for the establishmentof the joint venture; (b) the feasibility study report jointlyprepared by the parties to the venture; (c) joint venture agreement, contractand articles of association signed by representatives authorized by theparties to the venture; (d) list of candidates for chairman andvice-chairman of board of directors and directors nominated by the partiesto the venture; (e) written opinions concerning theestablishment of the said venture of the department in charge and the people'sgovernment of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly underthe Central Government where the joint venture is located. Theaforesaid documents shall be written in Chinese. Documents (b), (c) and (d)may be written simultaneously in a foreign language agreed uponby the parties to the joint venture. Both versions are equallyauthentic.
Article 10 Upon receipt of the documents stipulated inArticle 9 (2), the examining and approving authorities shall, within 3months, decide whether to approve or disapprove them. Should anythinginappropriate be found in any of the aforementioned documents, the examiningand approving authorities shall demand an amendment within a limited time.Otherwise, no approval shall be granted. Article 11 The applicant shall, within one month as of thereceipt of the Approval Certificate, register with the administrativedepartment for industry and commerce of the province, autonomous region ormunicipality directly under the Central Government in accordance with theprovisions of the Measures of the People's Republic of China for theAdministration of the Registration of Chinese-Foreign Equity JointVentures (hereinafter referred to as registration administrationoffice). The date of the issuance of its business licence is the date ofthe formal establishment of the joint venture. Article 12 Any foreign investor who intends to establish ajoint venture in China but is unable to find a specific co-operator inChina may submit a preliminary plan for the joint venture project and entrustthe China International Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC) or atrust and investment corporation of a trust and investmentcorporation of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly underthe Central Government, or a relevant government department or anon-governmental organization, to recommend Chinese co-operators. Article 13 The "joint venture agreement" mentioned in thisChapter refers to the document agreed upon by the parties to the jointventure on some major points and principles governing theestablishment of the joint venture. "Joint venture contract" refers to the documentagreed upon and concluded by the parties to the joint venture on theirmutual rights and obligations. "Articles of association" refers to the documentagreed upon by the parties to the joint venture specifying thepurpose, organizational principles and method of management of the jointventure in compliance with the principles of the joint venturecontract. Where the joint venture agreement comes into conflict with the contract,the latter shall prevail. The parties to the joint venture may agree tosign the contract and articles of association only, without signing anagreement.
Article 14 A joint venture contract shall include thefollowing main items: (1) the names, the countries of registration,the legal addresses of parties to the joint venture, and the names,positions and nationalities of the legal representatives thereof; (2) name of the joint venture, its legaladdress, purpose and the scope and scale of business; (3) total amount of investment and registeredcapital of the joint venture, amount, proportion and forms ofinvestment to be contributed by each party to the joint venture, the time limitfor contributing investment, stipulations concerning incompletecontributions, and assignments of investments; (4) the proportion of profit to be shared andlosses to be borne by each party; (5) the composition of the board of directors,the distribution of the number of directors, and the responsibilities,powers and means of employment of the general manager, deputygeneral manager and high-ranking managerial personnel; (6) the main production equipment and technologyto be adopted and their source of supply; (7) the ways and means of purchasing rawmaterials and selling finished products, and the ratio of products sold withinChinese territory to those sold abroad; (8) arrangements for receipts and expendituresin foreign currency; (9) principles governing the handling offinance, accounting and auditing; (10) stipulations concerning labour management,wages, welfare, and labour insurance; (11) the duration of the joint venture, itsdissolution and the procedures for liquidation; (12) the liabilities for breach of contract;(13) ways and procedures for settling disputesbetween the parties to the joint venture; (14) the language(s) used for the contract andthe conditions for putting the contract into force. The annex to the contract of a joint ventureshall be equally authentic as the contract itself. Article 15 Chinese laws shall apply to the conclusion,validity, interpretation and execution of a joint venture contract, as wellas to the settlement of disputes. Article 16 The Articles of association of a joint ventureshall include the following main items: (1) the name of the joint venture and its legaladdress; (2) the purpose, business scope and duration ofthe joint venture; (3) the names, countries of registration andlegal addresses of parties to the joint venture, and the names, positions andnationalities of the legal representatives thereof; (4) the total amount of investment, registeredcapital of the joint venture, each party's investment proportion,stipulations concerning the assignment of investment, the proportions ofprofit distribution and losses to be borne by parties to the jointventure; (5) the composition of the board of directors,its responsibilities, powers and rules of procedure, the term ofoffice of the directors, and the responsibilities of its chairman andvice-chairman; (6) the setting up of management organizations,rules for handling routine affairs, the responsibilities of the generalmanager, deputy general manager and other high-ranking managerialpersonnel, and the method of their appointment and dismissal; (7) principles governing financial, accountingand auditing systems; (8) dissolution and liquidation; (9) procedures for amendment of the articles ofassociation. Article 17 The agreement, contract and articles ofassociation shall come into force upon approval by the examining and approvingauthorities. The same applies to amendments thereof. Article 18 The examining and approval authorities and theregistration administration office are responsible for supervising andchecking on the execution of the joint venture contracts and articles ofassociation. Chapter III Form of Organization and RegisteredCapital
Article 19 A joint venture is a limited liability company.Each party to the joint venture is liable to thejoint venture within the limit of the capital subscribed by it. Article 20 The total amount of investment (including loans)of a joint venture refers to the sum of capital construction funds and thecirculating funds needed for the joint venture's production scale asstipulated in the contract and the articles of association of the jointventure. Article 21 The registered capital of a joint venture refersto the total amount of investment registered at the registrationadministration office for the establishment of the joint venture. It shall bethe total amount of investment subscribed by parties to the jointventure. The registered capital shall generally berepresented in Renminbi, or may be in a foreign currency agreed upon by theparties to the joint venture. Article 22 A joint venture shall not reduce its registeredcapital during the term of the joint venture. Article 23 If one party to the joint venture intends toassign all or part of its investment subscribed to a third party, consentshall be obtained from the other party to the joint venture, and approvalfrom the examining and approving authorities is required. When oneparty assigns all or part of its investment to a third party, the other partyhas preemptive right. When one party assigns its investment subscribedto a third party, the terms of assignment shall not be more favourablethan those to the other party to the joint venture. No assignment shall be effective should there beany violation of the above stipulations. Article 24 Any increase, assignment or other disposal ofthe registered capital of a joint venture shall be approved at a meeting ofthe board of directors and submitted to the original examining andapproving authorities for approval. Registration procedures for changesshall be handled at the original registration administration office.Chapter IV Ways of Contributing Investment
Article 25 Each joint venturer may invest in cash or maycontribute buildings, factory premises, equipment or other materials,industrial property, preprietary technology, or right to the use of asite, appraised at appropriate prices, as investment. If theinvestment is in the form of buildings, premises, equipment or othermaterials, industrial property or proprietary technology, the prices shall bedetermined through consultation by the parties to the joint ventureon the basis of fairness and reasonableness, or they shall be evaluatedby a third party accepted and invited by the parties to the joint venture.Article 26 The foreign currency contributed by the foreignjoint venturer shall be converted into Renminbi according to theexchange rate quoted by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control ofthe People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange Control) on the day of its submissionor be cross exchanged into the foreign currency as agreed upon. Should the cash Renminbi contributed by theChinese joint venturer be converted into foreign currency, it shall beconverted according to the exchange rate quoted by the State Administrationof Foreign Exchange Control on the day of its submission. Article 27 The machinery, equipment and other materialscontributed as investment by the foreign joint venturer shall meet thefollowing conditions: (1) they are indispensable to the production ofthe joint venture; (2) China is unable to manufacture them, or canmanufacture them only at too high a price, or their technical performanceand time of availability cannot meet the requirement; (3) the price fixed shall not be higher than thecurrent international market price for similar equipment or materials.Article 28 The industrial property or proprietarytechnology contributed by the foreign joint venturer as investment shall meetone of the following conditions: (1) capable of manufacturing new productsurgently needed in China or products suitable for export; (2) capable of markedly improving theperformance, quality of existing products and raising productivity; (3) capable of notably saving raw materials,fuel or power. Article 29 Foreign joint ventures who contribute industrialproperty or proprietary technology as investment shall present relevantdocumentation on the industrial property or proprietary technology,including protocopies of the patent certificates or trademarkregistration certificates, statements of validity, their technical characteristics,practical value, the basis for calculating the price and the priceagreement signed with the Chinese joint ventures. All these shall serve as anannex to the contract.
Article 30 The machinery, equipment or other materials,industrial property or proprietary technology contributed by foreignjoint venturer as investment shall be examined and approved by the departmentin charge of the Chinese joint venturer and then submitted to theexamining and approving authorities for further approval. Article 31 The parties to the joint venture shall pay inall the investment subscribed according to the time limitstipulated in the contract. Delay in payment or partial delay in payment shall besubject to a payment of investment on arrears or a compensation for theloss as defined in the contract. Article 32 After the investment is paid by the parties tothe joint venture, a Chinese registered accountant shall verify itand provide a certificate of verification, in accordance with which the jointventure shall issue to them investment certificates, which include thefollowing items: name of the joint venture; date, month and year of theestablishment of the joint venture; names of the joint venturers and theinvestment contributed; date, month and year of the contribution of theinvestment; and date, month and year of the issuance of investmentcertificates. Chapter V Board of Directors and ManagementStructure
Article 33 The highest authority of the joint venture shallbe its board of directors, which shall decide all major issuesconcerning the joint venture. Article 34 [*1] The board of directors shall consist of no lessthan three members. The distribution of the number of directors shall bedetermined through consultation by the parties to the joint venturewith reference to the proportions of investment contributed. Thedirectors shall be appointed by the parties to the joint venture. Thechairman of the board shall be appointed by the Chinese joint venturer and itsvice-chairman by the foreign joint venturer. The term of office for the directors is fouryears. Their term of office may be renewed with the re-appointment by theparties to the joint venture. Article 35 The board of directors shall convene at leastone meeting every year. The meeting shall be called and presided over by thechairman of the board. Should the chairman be unable to call themeeting, he shall authorize the vice-chairman or a director to call and presideover the meeting. The chairman may convene an interim meeting on thesuggestion of more than one-third of the directors. A board meeting requires a quorum of overtwo-thirds of the directors. Should a director be unable to attend, he maymake a proxy authorizing someone else to represent him and vote in hisstead. A board meeting shall usually be held at thelocation of the joint venture's legal address. Article 36 Decisions on the following items shall be madeonly after being unanimously agreed upon by the directors presentat the board meeting: (1) amendment to the articles of association ofthe joint venture; (2) suspension or dissolution of the jointventure; (3) increase in or assignment of the registeredcapital of the joint venture; (4) merger of the joint venture with othereconomic organization. Decision on other matters may be made accordingto the rules of procedure stipulated in the articles of association.Article 37 The chairman of the board is the legalrepresentative of the joint venture. Should the chairman be unable toperform his duties, he shall authorize the vice-chairman of the board or adirector to represent the joint venture.
Article 38 A joint venture shall establish a managementoffice which shall be responsible for the day-to-day management andoperations. The management office shall have a general manager and severaldeputy general managers who assist the general manager in his work.Article 39 The general manager shall carry out thedecisions of the board meeting and organize and conduct the day-to-day managementand operations of the joint venture. Within the scope of authorization bythe board, the general manager shall, externally, represent the jointventure, and internally, have the right to appoint and dismiss hissubordinates and exercise other powers as authorized by the board. Article 40 The general manager and deputy general managersshall be engaged by the board of directors of the joint venture. Thesepositions may be held either by Chinese or foreign citizens. At the instance of the board of directors, thechairman, vice-chairman or other directors of the board may concurrently bethe general manager, deputy general managers or other high-rankingmanagerial personnel of the joint venture. In handling major issues, the general managershall consult with the deputy general managers. The general manager or deputy general managersshall not hold posts concurrently as general manager or deputygeneral managers of other economic organizations. They shall not getinvolved in other economic organizations' commercial competition againsttheir own joint venture. Article 41 In case of graft or serious dereliction of duty on the part of thegeneral manager, deputy general managers or otherhigh-ranking managerial personnel, they may be dismissed at any time bya decision of the board of directors. Article 42 Establishment of branch offices (including salesoffices) outside China or in regions of Hong Kong or Macao is subject toapproval by the MOFERT. Chapter VI Introduction of Technology
Article 43 The introduction of technology mentioned in thisChapter refers to the acquisition of necessary technology by the jointventure by means of technology transfer from a third party or ajoint venturer. Article 44 The technology to be introduced to the jointventure shall be appropriate and advanced and enable the venture's productsto display conspicuous social economic results domestically or to becompetitive on the international market. Article 45 The right of the joint venture to do businessindependently shall be maintained when concluding such technologytransfer agreements, and relevant documentations shall be provided by thetechnology exporting party with reference to the provisions ofArticle 29 of these Regulations. Article 46 The technology transfer agreements concluded bya joint venture shall be examined and agreed to by the department incharge of the joint venture and then submitted for approval to the examiningand approving authorities. Technology transfer agreements shall comply withthe following stipulations: (1) Fees for the use of technology shall be fairand reasonable. Payments are generally made in royalties, and the royaltyrate shall not be higher than the obtaining standard international rate,which shall be calculated on the basis of net sales of the products turnedout with the relevant technology or in other reasonable ways agreedupon by both parties. (2) Unless otherwise agreed upon by bothparties, the technology exporting party shall not put any restrictions on thequantity, price or region of sale of the products that are to be exported bythe technology importing party. (3) The term for a technology transfer agreementis generally not longer than 10 years. (4) After the expiration of a technologytransfer agreement, the technology importing party shall have the rightto continue to use the technology. (5) Conditions for mutual exchange ofinformation on the improvement of technology by both parties of the technologytransfer agreement shall be reciprocal. (6) The technology importing party shall havethe right to buy the equipment, parts and raw materials needed fromsources they deem suitable. (7) No irrational restrictive clauses prohibitedunder Chinese law and regulations shall be included. Chapter VII Right to the Use of Site and Fees
Article 47 Joint ventures shall practise economy in the useof land for their premises. Any joint venture requiring the use ofa site shall file an application with local departments of themunicipal (county) government in charge of land and obtain the right to use asite after securing approval and signing a contract. The acreage, location,purpose and contract period and fee for the right to use a site (hereinafterreferred to as site use fee), rights and obligations of the twocontracting parties and penalty provisions for breach of contract shall bestipulated in explicit terms in the contract. Article 48 If the Chinese joint venturer already has theright to the use of site for the joint venture, it may use the right as partof its investment. The monetary equivalent of this investment shall bethe same as the site use fee otherwise paid for acquiring a site ofsimilar conditions. Article 49 The standards for site use fee shall be set bythe people's governments of the province, autonomous region or municipalitydirectly under the Central Government where the joint venture is located inthe light of the purpose of use, geographic and environmental conditions,expenses for requisition, demolition and resettlement and the jointventure's requirements for infrastructure, and filed with the MOFERT andthe state department in charge of land for the record. Article 50 Joint ventures engaged in agriculture and animalhusbandry may, with the consent of the people's governments of theprovince, autonomous region or municipality directly under the CentralGovernment, pay a percentage of the joint venture's revenues from its businessoperations as site use fees to the local department in charge of land.Projects of a development nature in economically under-developed areas mayreceive special preferential treatment in respect of site usefees with the consent of the local people's government. Article 51 The rates of site use fees shall not be subjectto adjustment in the first 5 years beginning from the day the land is used.After that, the interval in between the necessary adjustments to be madeaccording to the development of the economy, changes in supplyand demand, and changes in geographic and environmental conditions shallnot be less than three years. Site use fee as part of the investment by theChinese joint venture shall not be subject to adjustment during the contractperiod.
Article 52 The fee for the right to the use of a siteobtained by a joint venture according to Article 47 of these Regulationsshall be paid annually from the day to use the land stipulated in thecontract. For the first calender year, the venture will pay a half-year fee if ithas used the land for over 6 months; if less than 6 months, the siteuse fee shall be exempted. During the contract period, if the rate of siteuse fee is adjusted, the joint venture shall pay it according to the newrate from the year of adjustment. Article 53 Joint ventures that have permission to use asite shall only have the right to the use of it but no ownership.Assignment of the right to use land is forbidden. Chapter VIII Planning, Purchasing and Selling
Article 54 A joint venture shall work out a capitalconstruction plan (including labour force required for the construction,building materials, water, power and gas supply) according to the approvedfeasibility study report, and the plan shall be included in the capitalconstruction plan of the department in charge of the joint venture, whichshall give priority in arranging supplies and ensured the execution ofthe plan. Article 55 Funds earmarked for capital construction of ajoint venture shall be put under unified management of the bank where theventure has opened an account. Article 56 A joint venture shall work out a production andoperating plan in accordance with the scope of operation and scaleof production stipulated in the contract. The plan shall be carried outwith the approval of the board of directors and filed with the departmentin charge of the joint venture for the record. Departments in charge of the joint ventures andplanning administration departments at all levels shall not prescribemandatory production and operation plans for joint ventures. Article 57 In its purchase of required machinery,equipment, raw materials, fuel, parts, means of transport and office equipment,etc. (hereinafter referred to as materials), a joint venture has the rightto decide whether it buys them in China or from abroad. However, where theterms are the same, it shall give first priority to purchasing them inChina. Article 58 Joint ventures can purchase materials in Chinathrough the following channels: (1) those under planned distribution shall bebrought into the supply plan of the departments in charge of joint venturesand supplied by materials and commercial departments or productionenterprises according to contracts; (2) those handled by materials and commercialdepartments shall be purchased from these departments; (3) those freely circulating on the market shallbe purchased from production enterprises or their sale orcommission agencies; (4) those export items handled by foreign tradecorporations shall be purchased from the appropriate foreign tradecorporations. Article 59 The materials needed for office and daily usefor joint ventures can be purchased in China without quantityrestrictions.
Article 60 The Chinese Government encourages joint venturesto sell their products on the international market. Article 61 Products of joint ventures that are urgentlyneeded or to be imported by China can be mainly sold on the Chinese market.Article 62 A joint venture has the right to export itsproducts itself or entrust the sale-agencies of the foreign joint venturer orChinese foreign trade corporations with sales on a commission ordistribution. Article 63 Within the scope of business stipulated in thecontract, a joint venture may import machinery, equipment, parts, rawmaterials and fuel needed for its production. A joint venture shall make aplan every year for items on which import licenses are required by thestipulation of the State, and apply for them every 6 months. For machines,equipment and other objects a foreign joint venturer has contributed as partof its investment, import licenses can be applied for directly with thedocuments approved by the examining and approving authorities. Formaterials the import of which is beyond the stipulated scope of the contract,separate applications for import licenses according to State regulationsare required. A joint venture has the right to export itsproducts by itself, whereas for those products which require export licensesunder the stipulation of the State, the joint venture shall make anexport plan every business year and apply for the needed licenses every 6months. Article 64 A joint venture may sell its products on theChinese market in the following ways: (1) For those items under planned distribution,the departments in charge of joint ventures will bring them into thedistribution plan of the materials administration departments, which sellthem to designated users according to plan. (2) For those items handled by materials andcommercial departments, the materials and commercial departments will placeorders with the joint ventures. (3) For the excess of those purchased by plan ofthe above two categories, the joint venture has the right to sell them byitself or entrust sales to the relevant units. (4) For products of a joint venture that Chineseforeign trade companies need to import, the joint venture may sell themto these trade companies and shall be paid in foreign currency.
Article 65 Materials purchased and services needed in Chinaby joint ventures shall be priced according to the followingstipulations: (1) The six raw materials - gold, silver,platinum, petroleum, coal and timber - that are used directly in productionfor export shall be priced according to the international market pricesprovided by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control orforeign currency or Renminbi. (2) When purchasing export or import commoditieshandled by Chinese foreign trade companies, the suppliers andbuyers shall negotiate the price, with reference to the prices on theinternational market, and foreign currency shall be paid. (3) The prices for purchasing coal used as fueland oil for motor vehicles, which are needed for manufacturingproducts to be sold domestically, as well as materials other thanthose listed in (1) and (2) of this Article, and the fees charged for water,electricity, gas, heat, goods transportation, services, engineering,consultancy service and advertisement, etc. provided to joint ventures,shall be treated equally with state-owned enterprises and paid inRenminbi. Article 66 Prices of products of a joint venture for saleon the Chinese domestic market, except those items approved by the pricecontrol department for appraisal of prices with reference to the priceson the international market, shall correspond with State-set prices,be priced according to equality and paid in Renminbi. Prices fixed by ajoint venture for its products shall be filed with departments incharge of joint ventures and of price control for the record. Prices of export products of a joint venturewill be fixed by the joint venture itself and shall be filed withdepartments in charge of joint ventures and of price control for the record.Article 67 A joint venture, in its economic exchanges withanother Chinese economic organization, shall undertake economicresponsibilities and settle disputes over contract in accordance withrelevant laws and the contract concluded between the two parties. Article 68 A joint venture shall fill in statistical formson production, supply and marketing in accordance with relevantregulations, and file them with the departments in charge, statistics departmentsand other departments concerned for the record. Chapter IX Taxes Article 69 Joint ventures shall pay taxes according to thestipulations of relevant laws of the People's Republic of China. Article 70 Staff members and workers employed by jointventures shall pay individual income tax according to the Individual IncomeTax Law of the People's Republic of China. Article 71 Joint ventures shall be exempt from Customsduties and consolidated industrial and commercial tax on the followingimported materials: (1) machinery, equipment, parts and othermaterials (materials here and hereinafter mean required materials for thejoint venture's construction on the factory site and for installation andreinforcement of machines) which are part of the foreign joint venture'sshare of investment according to the provisions of the contract;(2) machinery, equipment, parts and components,and other materials imported with funds from the joint venture'stotal investment; (3) machinery, equipment, parts and components,and other materials imported by the joint venture with theadditional capital and with the approving authorities, of which China cannotguarantee production and supply; (4) raw materials, auxiliary materials,components, parts and packaging materials imported by the joint venture for theproduction of export goods. Duties and taxes shall be paid or paidretroactively according to regulations when the above-mentionedduty-tax-free materials are approved for sale inside China or diverted to theproduction of items to be sold on the Chinese domestic market. Article 72 Except those export items restricted by theState, products of a joint venture for export shall be exempt fromconsolidated industrial and commercial tax, subject to the approval by theMinistry of Finance of the People's Republic of China. A joint venture may apply for reduction of orexemption from consolidated industrial and commercial tax for a certainperiod of time for products that are sold on the domestic market when it hasdifficulty to pay such tax in its initial period of production. Chapter X Foreign Exchange Control
Article 73 All matters concerning foreign exchange forjoint ventures shall be handled according to the Interim Regulations onForeign Exchange Control of the People's Republic of China and relevantregulations. Article 74 On the strength of the business license issuedby the State Administration for Industry and Commerce of the People'sRepublic of China, a joint venture may open foreign exchange depositaccounts and Renminbi deposit accounts with the Bank of China, or any otherdesignated bank. The bank handling the accounts of the joint venture shallmonitor its receipts and expenditures. All foreign exchange incomes of a joint venturemust be deposited in the foreign exchange deposit account in the bankwhere an account has been opened; all payments by the joint venture inforeign exchange are to be effected from its foreign exchange depositaccount. The deposit interest rate shall be set according to the announcedrates by the Bank of China. Article 75 A joint venture shall in general maintain abalance between its foreign exchange receipts and expenditures. When a jointventure whose products are mainly sold on the domestic market under itsapproved feasibility study report and contract sustains an imbalanceof its foreign exchange receipts and expenditures, the imbalance shallbe remedied by the people's government of a relevant province, autonomousregion or municipality directly under the Central Government or thedepartment in charge under the State Council from their own foreignexchange reserves. If the imbalance defies solution through suchadjustment, it shall be solved through inclusion into the plan after theexamination and approval by the MOFERT in conjunction with the State PlanningCommission of the People's Republic of China. Article 76 A joint venture shall get permission from theState Administration of Foreign Exchange Control or one of its branchesto open a foreign exchange deposit account with an overseas bank or one inHong Kong or Macao, and report to the State Administration of ForeignExchange Control or one of its branches its foreign exchange receipts andexpenditures, and provide bank statements. Article 77 Any branch office set up by a joint venture in aforeign country or in Hong Kong or Macao shall open an account withthe Bank of China wherever there is a branch of the bank. The branch officeshall submit its annual statement of assets and liabilities and annualprofit report to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control orone of its branches through the joint venture.
Article 78 A joint venture may apply to the Bank of Chinafor foreign currency loans and Renminbi loans according to business needsand according to the Provisional Regulations for Providing Loans bythe Bank of China to Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures. Interestrates on loans to joint ventures are as announced by the Bank of China.A joint venture may also borrow foreign exchange as capital from banksabroad or in Hong Kong or Macao, but shall file a report with the StateAdministration of Foreign Exchange Control or one of its branches for therecord. Article 79 After foreign staff and workers or staff andworkers from Hong Kong or Macao have paid income tax on their salaries andother legitimate incomes according to law, they may apply to the Bank ofChina for permission to remit out all the remaining foreign exchangeafter deduction of their living expenses in China. Chapter XI Financial Affairs and Accounting
Article 80 The financial and accounting systems of a jointventure shall be instituted in accordance with China's relevantlaws and procedures on financial affairs and accounting, and inconsideration of the conditions of the joint venture, and then be filed with thelocal financial departments and tax authorities for the record.Article 81 A joint venture shall employ a chief accountantto assist the general manager in handling the financial affairs of theenterprises. If necessary, a deputy chief accountant may beappointed. Article 82 A joint venture shall (unless it is a smallventure) appoint an auditor to be responsible for checking financial receipts,payments and accounts, and to submit reports to the board of directors andthe general manager. Article 83 The fiscal year of a joint venture shallcoincide with the calendar year, i.e. from January 1 to December 31 on theGregorian calendar. Article 84 The accounting of a joint venture shall adoptthe internationally used accrual basis and debit and credit accountingsystem in their work. All vouchers, account books, statistic statementsand reports prepared by the enterprise shall be written in Chinese, orconcurrently in a foreign language agreed upon by the parties. Article 85 Joint ventures shall, in principle, adoptRenminbi as the standard accounting currency, however, a foreign currencymay also be used as the standard accounting currency, if so agreed uponby the parties concerned. Article 86 In addition to the use of a standard accountingcurrency, joint ventures shall record accounts in currencies actuallyused in payments and receipts, if such currencies in cash, bankdeposits, funds of other currencies, assets and liabilities, gains,expenses, etc. are inconsistent with the standard accounting currency. Joint ventures using a foreign currency inaccounting shall work out a statement of accounts in Renminbi equivalents inaddition to those in the foreign currency. Losses or gains in remittancesresulting from differences in exchange rates shall be recordedas current gains or losses for the year in which they occur. No adjustmentsshall be made to a balance in a foreign currency account as theresult of a recorded fluctuation in the exchange rate such acurrency.
Article 87 Principles of profit distribution after paymentof taxes in accordance with the Income Tax Law of the People's Republicof China Concerning Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures are asfollows: (1) Allocations for reserve funds, bonuses andwelfare funds for staff and workers and expansion funds of the jointventure. The proportion of allocations is to be decided by the board ofdirectors. (2) Reserve funds which can be used to make upfor the losses of the joint venture, or with the consent of the examiningand approving authorities, to increase the joint venture's capital for theexpansion of production. (3) After the funds specified in (1) of thisArticle have been deducted and if the board of directors decides todistribute the remaining profit, it shall be distributed proportionately to eachparty's investment. Article 88 Profits may not be distributed before the lossesof the previous year have been made up. Remaining profits from previousyear (or years) may be distributed together with those of the currentyear. Article 89 A joint venture shall submit quarterly andannual fiscal reports to parties to the joint venture, the local taxauthority, department in charge of the joint venture and the financialdepartment at the same level to those departments. A copy of the annual fiscal report shall besubmitted to the original examining and approving authorities. Article 90 Only after being examined and certified by anaccountant registered in China shall the following documents,certificates and reports be considered valid: (1) certificates of investment from all theparties to a joint venture (lists of assessed value agreed upon and signedby the parties to the joint venture and relevant written agreementsshall be attached if investment involves materials, site use rights,industrial property and proprietary technology); (2) annual fiscal reports of the joint venture;(3) fiscal reports on liquidation of the jointventure. Chapter XII Staff and Workers
Article 91 The employment, recruitment, dismissal andresignation of staff and workers of joint ventures, and their salary,welfare benefits, labour insurance, labour protection, labour disciplineand other matters shall be handled according to the Regulations of thePeople's Republic of China on Labour Management in Chinese-Foreign EquityJoint Ventures. Article 92 Joint ventures shall make efforts to conductprofessional and technical training of their staff and workers andestablish a strict examination system so that they can meet the requirements ofproduction and managerial skills in a modernized enterprise. Article 93 The salary and bonus system of joint venturesshall be in accord with the principle of distribution to each according tohis work, and more pay for more work. Article 94 Salaries and remuneration of the general managerand deputy general manager(s), chief engineer, deputy chiefengineer(s), chief accountant and deputy chief accountant, auditor and otherhigh-ranking managerial personnel shall be decided upon by the board ofdirectors. Chapter XIII Trade Union
Article 95 Staff and workers of a joint venture have theright to set up grass-roots trade unions and carry on trade union activitiesin accordance with the Trade Union Law of the People's Republic ofChina (hereinafter referred to as Chinese Trade Union Law) and the Statute ofthe Trade Unions of China. Article 96 Trade unions in joint ventures arerepresentatives of the interests of the staff and workers. They have the power to sign,on behalf of the staff and workers, labour contracts with joint venturesand supervise the execution of these contracts. Article 97 The basic tasks of the trade unions in jointventures are: to protect the democratic rights and material interests of thestaff and workers according to law; to help the joint ventureswith the arrangement and rational use of welfare and bonus funds; toorganize political, professional, scientific and technical studies,carry out literary, art and sports activities; and to educate staff andworkers to observe labour discipline and strive to fulfil the economictasks of the enterprises. Article 98 Trade union representatives have the right toattend, without the right to vote, meetings of the board of directors held todiscuss important issues such as development plans, production andoperational activities of joint ventures and to air the opinions and demands ofstaff and workers. Trade union representatives have the right toattend, without the right to vote, meetings of the board of directors held todiscuss and decide on awards and penalties to staff and workers,salary and wage system, welfare benefits, labour protection and labourinsurance, etc. The board of directors shall heed the opinions of the tradeunion and win its co- operation. Article 99 A joint venture shall actively support the workof the trade union, and, in accordance with the stipulations of theChinese Trade Union Law, provide housing and facilities for the tradeunion as offices, meeting- halls, and for organizing welfare, cultural andsports activities. The joint venture shall allot an amount of moneytotalling 2 per cent of all the salaries of the joint venture's staff andworkers as trade union funds, which the trade union of the jointventure shall use according to the relevant administration rules for tradeunion funds formulated by the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. Chapter XIV Duration, Dissolution andLiquidation
Article 100 The duration of a joint venture shall be decidedupon through consultation among all the parties to the joint ventureaccording to the actual conditions of the particular lines of businessand projects. The duration of a joint venture engaged in an ordinaryproject shall, in principle, be between 10 to 30 years. Duration for thoseengaged in projects requiring large amounts of investment, long constructioncycles and low profit rates on the capital may be longer than 30 years.Article 101 The duration of a joint venture shall bedetermined by all the parties to the joint venture in the agreement, contract andactivities of association. The duration begins from the datewhen the joint venture is issued a business license. When all parties to a joint venture agree toextend the duration, the joint venture shall file an application forextending the duration signed by representatives authorized by the partieswith the examining and approving authorities 6 months before the dateof expiration of the duration. The examining and approvingauthorities shall give an official written reply to the applicant within one monthas of the date of receipt of the application. Upon approval of theextension of the duration, the joint venture concerned shall go throughregistration formalities for the alteration in accordance with the Measures ofthe People's Republic of China for the Registration Administration ofChinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures. Article 102 A joint venture may be dissolved in thefollowing situations: (1) termination of duration of the venture;(2) inability to continue operations due toheavy losses; (3) inability to continue operations due to thefailure of one of the contracting parties to fulfil its obligationsprescribed in the agreement, contract and articles of association; (4) inability to continue operations due toheavy losses caused by force majeure such as natural calamities and wars;(5) failure to obtain the desired objectives ofthe operation and no prospects for future development; (6) occurrence of other reasons for dissolutionas prescribed in the contract and articles of association. In cases described in (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6)of this Article, the board of directors shall make an application fordissolution to the examining and approving authorities forapproval. In the situation described in (3) of thisArticle, the party which has failed to fulfil its obligations prescribed inthe agreement, contract and articles of association shall be liable for thelosses arising therefrom.
Article 103 Upon announcement of the dissolution of a jointventure, its board of directors shall work out procedures andprinciples governing the liquidation and nominate candidates for theliquidation committee. It shall report to the department in charge of thejoint venture for examination, verification and supervision of itsliquidation. Article 104 Members of a liquidation committee shallgenerally be selected from among the directors of a joint venture. In case thedirectors cannot serve or are unsuitable to be members of the liquidationcommittee, the joint venture may invite accountants and lawyersregistered in China to do the job. When the examining and approvingauthorities deems necessary, it may send personnel to supervise the process. The liquidation expenses and remuneration forthe members of the liquidation committee shall be given priority inthe disbursements from the existing assets of the joint venture. Article 105 The tasks of the liquidation committee are: toconduct thorough investigation of the property of the jointventure concerned, its credits and debts; to work out the statement of assetsand liabilities and an inventory of its property; to put forward abasis on which its property is to be evaluated and calculated; and to formulatea liquidation plan. All these shall be carried out upon approval of theboard of directors. During the process of liquidation, theliquidation committee shall represent the joint venture concerned ininitiating legal action or responding thereto.
Article 106 A joint venture shall be liable for its debtswith all of its assets. The remaining assets after the clearance of debtsshall be distributed among the parties to the joint venture in proportionto each party's investment unless otherwise provided for in the agreement,contract and articles of association of the joint venture. At the time when a joint venture is beingdissolved, the portion of its net assets or remaining property that exceedsthe value added to its registered capital is regarded as profit onwhich income tax shall be levied according to law. The foreign jointventurer shall pay income tax according to law on the portion of the netassets or remaining property due him that exceeds his investment when heremits it abroad. Article 107 On the completion of the liquidation of adissolved joint venture, the liquidation committee shall submit a liquidationreport approved by a meeting of the board of directors to theoriginal examining and approving authorities, go through formalities forcancelling its registration and hand in its business license to the originalregistration authorities. Article 108 After the dissolution of a joint venture, itsaccount books and documents shall be left in the custody of the formerChinese joint venturer. Chapter XV Settlement of Disputes
Article 109 Disputes arising over the interpretation orexecution of the agreement, contract or articles of association between theparties to the joint venture shall, if possible, be settled throughfriendly consultation or mediation. If these means prove futile, thedisputes shall be subject to arbitration or judicial settlement. Article 110 Parties to a joint venture shall apply forarbitration in accordance with the relevant written agreement. They may submitthe disputes to the Foreign Economic and Trade ArbitrationCommission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade inaccordance with its arbitration rules. With mutual consent of the partiesconcerned, arbitration can also be carried out by an arbitration agency in thecountry where the respondent is located or by one in a thirdcountry in accordance with the arbitration agency's rules. Article 111 In the absence of a written agreement onarbitration between the parties to a joint venture, either party may bring asuit in a Chinese people's court. Article 112 In the process of settling disputes, except formatters in dispute, parties to a joint venture shall continue tocarry out other provisions stipulated by the agreement, contract andarticles of association of the joint venture. Chapter XVI Supplementary Provisions
Article 113 The Chinese departments in charge of visas shallprovide facility by simplifying procedures for staff and workersfrom foreign countries or from Hong Kong or Macao (including their familymembers) who have frequent needs of entry and exit into and out of theChina. Article 114 The departments in charge of joint venturesshall make applications and go through the formalities for Chinese staff andworkers going abroad for studies, business negotiations or training.Article 115 Staff and workers from foreign countries or fromHong Kong or Macao working for a joint venture may bring in neededmeans of transport and office equipment with payment of Customs dutiesand consolidated industrial and commercial taxes according toregulations. Article 116 Joint ventures set up in the special economiczones shall comply with the provisions otherwise provided, if any, in thelaws and regulations adopted by the National People's Congress, its StandingCommittee or the State Council. Article 117 The power to interpret these Regulations isvested in the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade. Article 118 These Regulations shall go into force as of thedate of promulgation. Note: [*1] New provisions have been added to thisArticle. Therefore, the relevant provisions in the Law of the People'sRepublic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures amended onApril 4, 1990 shall prevail. - The Editor